Networking Concepts
What is networking
--> A numerous computing systems are connected to each other using various connecting media to communicate so that they are capable of sharing data, hardware, software and computing resources.
--> In other words we can say that a network is collection of computing machines connected to each other such that they can share data, hardware and other resources. Working over this network is called Networking and the concepts involved in creation of these networks are called Networking Concepts.
--> In a network client pc request to the server pc and server pc respond of that request is called network ...
Networks are created using various networking devices which are mentioned:
examples:
Hub, Switches, Routers, Cables, Modems etc.
Types of networks
--> LAN stands for Local Area network which is a computer small network area like office, home, schools or any building.
--> WAN stands for Wide Area Network, this is network covering large physical area and is used for communication across nations and cities.
--> WLAN stands for Wireless Local Area Network is Local area network which is connected without wires and works same as the Local Area network.
Working with protocols
--> A network basically transfer data from one machine to another and this transfer can’t be carried out without protocols.
Protocols are the array of rules which are to be followed by the machines while communicating over a network. We have some below mentioned protocols which are mainly used by any network to accomplish their goals:
--> TCP stands for Transmission Control Protocol and is responsible for the transmission of data. TCP provides the service of exchange of information between two components of a network. This is the protocol which is used by major internet applications like e-mail, file transfer and world wide web. Any data is divided in small packets for transfer over a network, these packets travel in random order and then again arranged in correct order on the destination computer. The collection and arrangement of those packets is responsibility of TCP.
--> IP stands for Internet Protocol is a core protocol used for traveling packets across the network. The packets which were mentioned in earlier paragraph are made travel byt Internet Protocol, the way they opt for moving, they reach the correct address and other tasks are carried out by Internet Protocol.
FTP stands for File Transfer Protocol is a standard network protocol used to copy a file from on host to another over a TCP/IP – based network, such as the Internet.
--> FTP is built on a client-server architecture and utilizes separate control and data connections between the client and server. FTP is used with user-based password authentication or with anonymous user access.
--> SMTP is an Internet Standard for electronic mail (e-mail) transmission across Internet Protocol networks. SMTP was first defined by RFC 821 (STD 10) (1982), and last updated by RFC 532 (2008) which includes the extended SMTP(ESMTP) additions, and is the protocol in wide spread use today.
--> SMTP is specific for outgoing mail transport and uses TCP port 25. The protocol for new submissions is effectively the same as SMTP, but it uses port 587 instead.
--> The Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is a networking protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia information system. HTTP is foundation of data communication for the World Wide Web (WWW).
Domain Name System (DNS)
--> The Domain Name System (DNS) is a standard technology for managing the names of Web sites and other Internet domains. DNS technology allows you to type names into your Web browser
like comp networking.about.com and your computer to automatically find that address on the Internet. A key element of the DNS is a worldwide collection of DNS Server.
--> A DNS Server is any computer registered to join the Domain Name System. A DNS server runs special purpose networking software, features a public IP address, and contains a database of network names